Side-Effects of Rapid Technological Development : There
are some shortcomings. the dangerous side effects of rapid technological
development have to be seriously and earnestly faced and checked ; environmental
degradation, for instance, has to be prevented with the very help of the
science, has to be prevented with the very help of the science and technology
whose careless application can cause irreversible damage. Interaction between
the scientific community and the rest of the society must be encouraged so as to
avoid misdirected research and sub-optimal use of investment made. A better
management of resources is called for so that science.
Technology is the systematic knowledge and action usually of industrial
processes but applicable to any recurrent activity. The term covers the
practice, description and terminology of any or all of the applied sciences
which have practical value and industrial use. It is closely related to
engineering. If engineering is the application of objective knowledge to the
creation of plans, designs and means for achieving descried objectives,
technology deals with the tools and appended to the term technology these days-
low, high, appropriate and so on.
Low technology generally refers to the
application of scientific devices for different aspects of production. It does
net displace labour. Intermediate technology refers to the production of
finished goods and intermediary products.
High technology refers to the use of
sophisticated and complex process and machinery, and is made as of in capital
goods industries like steel, communications equipment space and nuclear
installations etc. Appropriate technology, as the name suggests is suitable for
given conditions of production available resources, technical know - how, needs
etc.
Science Policy : Science policy resolution the aim of
this policy is to foster, promote and sustain the cultivation of the sciences
and scientific research in the country and to encourage industrial initiative
for dissemination of scientific knowledge, recognize the work of research
scientists and ensure that the creative talent of men and women is encouraged to
find full scope in scientific activity. Above all to secure for the people of
the country all the benefits that can accrue from the acquisition and
application of scientific knowledge.
Technology policy as Indian science
progressed, it was felt that newer indigenous technologies needed to be
developed even as imported technologies were to be efficiently absorbed and
adapted. The technology policy statement of 1983 grew out of the felt need for
guidelines to cover a wide-ranging and complex set of related areas keeping in
mind capital scarce character of developing economy. It aims at ensuring that
the country's available natural endowments, especially human resources, are
optimally utilized for continued increase in the well - being of all sections of
people.
Technological advancement is sought to solve the country's multifarious
problems and safeguard its independence and unity. Among is objectives are
attainment of technological competence and self-reliance. Provision of gainful
employment, making traditional skills commercially competitive, ensuring maximum
development with minimum capital, modernization of equipment and technology,
conservation of energy, ensuring harmony with environment etc.
Technology and Society : In order to enable large
sections of our society to derive the benefits from science and technology, this
policy is directed to achieve a greater spread in the use of technological
developments. ensure accessibility of technological devices to al segments of
the society with special emphasis on remote and rural communities in order to
improve their quality of life. enhance infrastructural facilities. upgrade
traditional skills and reduce drudgery keeping in new the special needs of women
and the weaker sections of society.
Technology Development : The technology information fore
casting and assessment council was set up by the DST following the
recommendations of the technology policy statement, 1983. TIFAC is an autonomous
body whose objectives are to generate technology forecasting technology
assessment and techno-market survey documents and to enable a technology
information system which is interactive and nationally accessible. Technology
forecasting and assessment studies have been carried out in areas of human
settlement planning, building technology and skills, steel, sugar industry,
materials technology and prospects for biotechnological products in India a by
2000 AD. New initiatives have been taken in surface engineering and high
performance computational facilities among other things.
Science Planning in India : Science planning India has
developed its own model of R & D Planning. The planning process adopted over the
years is a two- way process involving broad policy guidelines from the planning
commission, and ensuring interaction with scientists at national agency
laboratory and university levels. This ensures the effective participation of
the scientific community in decision making.
The process involves the following steps :
Space Research : Space research is no longer considered
as a high tech venture whose costs make it an irrelevant luxury for a developing
country like India.
Indeed the benefits of space research have great relevance
for the third world countries - revolutionizing communications, natural
resources management. Study of agricultural potential, weather monitoring and
disaster management further more the spin offs from space technology find
applications in fields raining from food storage to open-heart surgery, from
fishing to automobiles.
The Indian space programme is greed to the utilization
of space technology for the socio-economic development of the country.
Space applications centre at Ahmedabad is involved in research and
development in space applications. It has the primary responsibility to
conceptualize, plan and execute projects and research programmes leading to
practical use of space technology. The activities include satellite based
telecommunications and TV and remote sensing for natural resources survey and
management, environmental monitoring, meteorology and geodesy. The centre is
organized functionally into satellite communications. Remote sensing and
microwave remote sensing. Support services are provided by technical services
group consisting of environmental test facilities, electronics and mechanical
fabrication facilities and reliability and quality assurance group.
Developmental and Educational communication unit at Ahmedabad is involved in
various areas of software research such as television programme production.
Policy studies and research in society technology interaction. major takes of
DECU include :
(a) Kheda communication Project
(b) Training of staff especially
for Doordarshan
(c) Social research related to communication and
(d) policy and
technology studies related to applications of space technology.
Progress of space Research :- The Indian space programme
has come a long way from humble beginning of testing sundry rockets to acquiring
the capability to launch giant polar satellite launch vehicles and putting
various class remote sensing satellite in low earth orbits.
The environmental Research programme aims at developing strategies,
technologies and methodologies for better environmental management in India. It
also seeks to strengthen facilities and infrastructure to facilitate research
and training of manpower for undertaking environmental research. The programme
particularly aims at attempting solutions to the practical problems of resource
management and provides necessary inputs for development and formulation of
action plans for conservation of natural resources and restoration of degraded
ecosystems.
Research projects are funded in multidisciplinary aspects of environment
protection. Conservation and management at various universities, research and
development institutions and reputed non-governmental organizations of the
country. these are support under the following main schemes.,
Agriculture represents the first endeavor of human beings to control static
resources, that is, the bounty of the land. Modern agriculture has come a long
way since its beginnings : it is now a complex scientific activity aimed at
producing the maximum amount of food with the minimum expenditure of time, space
and energy to meet the needs of a growing population and economy. India is a
predominantly agrarian country, agriculture providing live hood to about 65 per
rent of the labour force and contributing nearly 29 per cent of the net national
product. Development of pearl culture technology the central marine fisheries
research institute has boosted its efforts at perfecting technologies for land -
based pearl culture.
Pearl Culture Technology : Pearl Culture Technology
comprised three phases seed production in hatcheries, nursery of seeds, mother
oyster farming and culture of implanted oysters, the last two phases are carried
out at sea where pearl farms were established.
Drip Irrigation System : Drip Irrigation System, Fawara
Technology are also used in agriculture field for increase the production. Govt.
of India announced 90% subsidy for farmers to use Drip Irrigation System in
their agriculture field.