History of Malaria - Malaria
means - Mala - bad area - air, malaria term was given by "Macculoch" in 1872.
Ronalol Ross established mosquito-malaria relationship on Aug. 29, 1897. Since
this day is celebrated as Mosquito Day.
Malaria - Position in World
Malaria Position in
World - Malaria more
common in developing countries as compared to developed countries. It is
generally present in Kenya, Uganda, South-Africa, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan,
Srilanka where the temperature are high.
Hypothesis
1. Parasite posses
various forms and complete their life cycle through alternative host and
Reservoir.
2. Parasite acquire
Resistant to pesticides like D.D.T.
Evidences
There are four
species of plasmodium which causes different kinds of human malaria.
a) P.Vivax
- It causes benign tertian
malaria, which attacks every third day i.e. after 48 hours. The fever is mild
and seldom fatal.
b) P.Ovale
- It also causes benign
tertian malaria, which recurs every 48 years.
c) P.Malaria
- It causes quartia malaria
which recurs every fourth day i.e. after 72 hours.
d) P.
Falciparum - It alone is
capable of causing three types of malaria, quotidian malaria, which attacks
almost daily, malignant tertian malaria but which occurs every 48 hours, but is
very severe and often fatal ; and irregular malaria.
e) It reserve in some
animals in normal condition of animal like, Monkey.
f) Resistant of Mosquito against D.D.T.
Life Cycle of Plasmodium Vivax
It is the causative organism of tertian
or benign tertian malaria, which is characterized by 48 hours cycle between the
first malarial fever and subsequent recurrence of chill and fever. Life
cycle of "Plasmodium Vivax" is being digenetic, it
is completed in two hosts. The asexual cycle is passed in man by a process
termed schizogony. The sexual cycle is completed in the final hosts or vector,
the female Anopheles mosquito, involving gametogony and sporogony. These process
results in the formation of infective stage the sporozoites.
Vaccine for Malaria
Pre manual pat arroyo produced a
vaccine against malaria in 1987 but it proved effective upto 60 to 70% cases.
Incubation Period of Malaria
The incubation period
for malaria caused by Plasmodium Vivax is about 10-14 days.
Malaria Symptoms
Malaria
Symptoms - The
attack of malaria is preceded by Yawning tiredness, headache and muscular pain.
During the fever, the patient feels chilly and shivers and high temperature.
After a few hours the body freely and the temperature becomes normal. The cycle
is repeated if no medicine is taken. This is also accompanied by enlargement of
spleen and liver.
Control of Malaria
We control
the malaria from :
1. Drain off or fill up
all ditches, ponds etc.
2. Cover the drains.
3. Clear the sluggish.
4. The adult mosquitoes can also be
avoided by removing unnecessary thing around the house.
